Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran is a large country in the Middle East, between the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It is bordered by Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan’s Naxcivan enclave, Armenia and Azerbaijan to the northwest, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the southeast. This large country measures 628.000 squares miles in area and its population is approximately 28,448,000. Its capital is Tehran Even though its older name was Persia, the name Iran derives from Aryan and literally means “Land of the Aryans”. Its official state religion is Shi’a Islam. Its location has attributed importance to this country throughout history by being in the centre of Eurasia. Plus, Iran is rich in petroleum sources. This country has been inhabited since pre -historic times. The written history of this land begins around 3200 BC. The Median Dinasty has marked the history, for example, for being the largest and more powerful empire in human history, later conquered by Alexander the great in 333 BC. Before the Islamic conquest of Persia, from 637 to 651 CE, Zoroastrianism was the national religion of the Sassanid Empire in Persia, this religion has its unique importance since it is considered to be the first monotheistic religion. The current religion in Iran, Shi’a Islamic was established in 1501 during the Safavid Dynasty. Today the political system of Iran is based on the “Qanun-e-Asasi” (“Fundamental law”). The supreme leader, now president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, is responsible for the delineation and supervision of “the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran”. The president is elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. He controls the armed forces, the military intelligence and security operations and only he has the power to declare war. Iran’s economy depends on its central planning, state ownership of oil and on other large enterprises, agriculture and private trading.

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